• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    MOBILE X-RAY UNIT, E, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE DOSIMETRY OF AN X-RAY BEAM EMITTING FROM A MOBILE X-RAY UNIT. The invention relates to a mobile X-ray unit (10), comprising a base (2) to accommodate a control unit, and a power supply further comprising an articulated displaceable arm (4a), supporting a ray applicator. -X (4) having an X-ray tube for emitting an X-ray beam (8a) through an exit window (8) to radiate to an object, the X-ray unit further comprising a system of built-in dosimetry (9), adapted to perform online or real-time dosimetry.
    公开号:BR112013015844B1
    申请号:R112013015844-1
    申请日:2011-12-21
    公开日:2021-04-20
    发明作者:Johannes Simon Van Der Veen；Bas Woudstra；Johan Henning
    申请人:Nucletron Operations B.V.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0001] The invention relates to a mobile X-ray unit, comprising a base to accommodate a control unit and a power supply, and further comprising a hinged displaceable arm supporting an X-ray applicator, having a tube X-ray to emit an X-ray beam through an exit window to radiate an object.
    [0002] The invention further relates to a method for controlling the dosimetry of an X-ray beam emanating from the mobile X-ray unit. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
    [0003] Skin cancer, having increased its incidence rate in the last decade of the 20th century, requires substantial effort from medical professionals in terms of early diagnosis, logistics and availability of adequate treatment. However, it is observed that over 1.3 million new skin cancers are diagnosed annually and are increasing at a rate of about 5% per year. Increased exposure to the sun without skin protection and a diminished ozone layer are considered to be the main causes of this increase - a problem estimated to cost over 1 billion Euros in annual medical treatment expenses. Over 80% of skin cancers occur in the head and neck regions, with 50% occurring in patients over 60 years of age. A portion of the elderly population is expected to double by 2025 compared to the current demographic.
    [0004] Non-proliferated cancers, being substantially superficial lesions, can be treated in different ways. First, surgery can be considered. However, such a technique can be disadvantageous in terms of long waiting lists and complications related to post-treatment care. Furthermore, due to the invasive nature of surgical contamination of the wound by infections it may present an additional risk. Second, irradiation employing soft X-ray electrons can be considered. Such techniques have the advantage of being non-invasive, in that a treatment session can be as short as 2 to 4 minutes. It will be noted that, generally, comprehensive treatment employing radiotherapeutic techniques can comprise numerous sections.
    [0005] Therefore, the incidence of skin cancer growth and increase in a portion of the elderly population in global demographic groups pose substantial challenges in the logistics of cancer treatment.
    [0006] Recently, the use of a portable X-ray unit has been suggested, which can be used in a hospital radiotherapy department. An embodiment of such a portable unit is described in US 2007/0076851. The known unit comprises an X-ray applicator, comprising an X-ray source provided with a filtering device, having a plurality of filters rotatably arranged with respect to a focal point of the X-ray tube, to change the characteristics of on-demand filtering. The plurality of filters are arranged in a filter device, which is transversely disposed with respect to a longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. Such an arrangement requires additional measurement to dispense the X-ray beam into the filter plane. The known device is used by positioning the X-ray applicator some distance from the patient's skin.
    [0007] It is a disadvantage of the known X-ray tube that poor control is available regarding the actual delineation between the X-ray beam emanating from the X-ray applicator and a treated region on the patient. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0008] It is an object of the invention to provide an improved mobile X-ray unit. More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide the mobile X-ray unit in which the X-ray beam can be dispensed in a controlled manner.
    [0009] To this end, the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, comprises a built-in dosimetry system adapted to perform online or real-time dosimetry.
    [0010] It will be noted that the terms "mobile" and "portable" in the context of the present application may be interchanged, as these terms also refer to a device that is easily moved or transported, for example, a device that can be moved or transported by a single individual.
    [0011] The dosimetry system can be embedded in the X-ray tube or X-ray applicator. Alternatively or additionally, the dosimetry system can be adapted to be arranged between the X-ray applicator output window and the object while connected to the mobile X-ray device controls.
    [0012] It has been found to be advantageous to provide a dosimetry system that can be adapted to dispense information on radiation dose distribution in or near the target area substantially in real time. The dosimetry system can comprise a film, a thermoluminescence device or a semiconductor detector. However, it will be noted that other generally known types of dosimeters can be used as well. For example, a suitable ionization chamber can be used, especially having a parallel plate configuration, like a Markus chamber, for example. It will be appreciated that, to provide data on dose distribution in and/or near the target area, the dosimetry system can be fitted with a suitable plurality of dose sensing devices such as ionization chambers, thermoluminescence devices, films , semiconductor detectors, and so on. This can be useful for controlling an X-ray beam profile.
    [0013] When the dosimetry system is positioned inside the X-ray applicator or inside the X-ray tube, it is preferably positioned outside a portion of the X-ray beam used to irradiate the patient. It will be noted that, because the X-ray is generated substantially in three dimensions, such installation of the dosimetry system is practicable.
    [0014] In a preferred embodiment, the dosimetry system is calibrated with respect to the absolute dose delivered by the X-ray tube. In this way, safe real-time dosimetry can be realized.
    [0015] It will be noted that it is possible to use a constant calibration value to convert the signal displayed on the detector to the dispensed dose or, alternatively, use an appropriate equation, correct for the age of the detector and/or for the heating of the ray tube. X. Still preferably, it is possible to use a calibration factor that may depend on the angulation of the X-ray applicator, as changes in internal alignment can cause a deviation in the dispensed dose.
    [0016] Preferably, the dosimetry system according to the invention is adapted to provide a control signal for the main controls of the moving X-ray in the connection of the X-ray tube. Furthermore, the dosimetry system can be adapted to provide another control for the main controls of the mobile X-ray unit in the event that the prescribed dose is dispensed. More details of this embodiment will be presented with reference to Figure 6.
    [0017] Employing a dosimetric device, designed to be positioned between the X-ray applicator and the object, has additional advantages, such as the device, by virtue of its material, ensuring establishment of electronic balance on or near the surface of the object . As a result, the accumulated percent depth dose within the object is more favorable with that of the prior art, in terms of the absolute value of the surface dose. It will be noted that, for skin treatment, the surface dose may not be higher than 137% of the prescribed depth dose. Generally, the prescribed depth dose is specified at a depth of 5 mm from the skin surface.
    [0018] Due to the presence of an additional material (a film or a detector) the percentage depth dose within the object is favorably changed by reducing the surface dose when normalized to the depth dose of 5 mm.
    [0019] In an embodiment of the X-ray unit according to the invention, the dosimetry system comprises digital display means. It has been found to be particularly advantageous to enable real-time data acquisition and data processing using a digital dosimeter, which can be connected to the control unit of the mobile X-ray unit in accordance with the invention. To facilitate a substantially direct hardware response, the metered dose must substantially deviate from the prescribed dose. It will be noted that a film can be used for dosimetry purposes, which can subsequently be displayed using a digital densitometer.
    [0020] It will be noted that the dosimetry system is preferably arranged to electronically communicate with the control unit, wherein the dosimetry system itself may have an analog or digital signal as output. Those skilled in the art will readily note that electronic devices (if any) may be needed to enable the transmission of data between the dosimetry system and the mobile X-ray unit control unit.
    [0021] In yet another embodiment of the X-ray unit, according to the invention, the dosimetry system is arranged to enable the verification of at least one position and geometry of the generated X-ray field.
    [0022] The dosimetry system, that is, a film or a suitable device (thermoluminescent ionization chamber or a semiconductor), may comprise a plurality of measurement points, preferably distributed in a plane. When such a device is positioned in the X-ray field, readings can be processed to establish dose data across the applied field. For example, a reading of the central axis and a number of peripheral readings can be taken, preferably at different radial distances. As a result, information can be obtained regarding not only the absolute dose in the central field, but also information about beam smoothing through the field. Preferably, the dosimetry unit is calibrated to enable absolute dosimetry of the deposited X-ray dose. Such calibration can be performed using a phantom measurement for a known X-ray dose, for example.
    [0023] In another embodiment of the X-ray unit, according to the invention, it further comprises an indicator to visualize at least a part of the X-ray beam emanating from the output surface.
    [0024] It has been found that the treatment efficiency is substantially improved when the indicator is provided to visually delineate at least a part of the generated X-ray beam, equal to its central geometric axis, and/or complete beam geometry.
    [0025] In particular, such an indication can be advantageous for positioning the dosimetry system, with respect to the X-ray beam. Preferably, the indicator comprises a light source. The light source can be arranged on the X-ray applicator or alternatively it can be arranged around the outer surface of the X-ray applicator. In the first case, the light indicator can be arranged to delineate the central geometric axis of the X-ray beam and/or the entire beam geometry, while in the latter case, the light indicator can be arranged to delineate a central geometric axis. of the X-ray beam preferably at a predetermined distance from the X-ray applicator. This aspect can be advantageous when the X-ray applicator is used at a standard distance from the patient's skin. However, it will be noted that the light indicator disposed around the X-ray applicator can be adjustable to indicate the central geometric axis of the X-ray beam at a variety of axial distances from the X-ray applicator.
    [0026] In an embodiment of the mobile X-ray unit according to the invention, the indicator comprises a formation of light sources concentrically arranged around the X-ray applicator. Although it may be sufficient to provide a single light source generating a narrow beam to indicate the central geometric axis of the X-ray beam, it has been found to be advantageous to provide a plurality of light sources generating respective narrow beams intersecting in a given distance from an exit surface of the X-ray applicator. Because of this, installation of the X-ray applicator embodiment at a prescribed distance from the skin is made possible, as is the precise installation of the dosimetry system with respect to the X-ray beam. In order to ensure correct coverage of the target part by the X-ray beam, the X-ray applicator can be positioned so that the indicated center of the X-ray beam is positioned substantially in the center of the target region. It will be appreciated that such an embodiment works particularly well to regulate shaped X-ray beams, for example, when a circular, square, elliptical or triangular collimator is used to shape the X-ray beam.
    [0027] In yet another embodiment of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, the indicator comprises a light source accommodated within the X-ray applicator, to generate a light beam designed to be intercepted by the collimator to provide an image of light in the X-ray field emanating from the exit surface.
    [0028] This embodiment has been found to be particularly advantageous when the full shape of the X-ray beam is being delineated, for example in situations when an irregular beam shape is employed. In such a case, preferably, the light source can be provided close to the target or via a mirror, off the geometric axis, to generate a light beam designed to be intercepted by the collimator. It will be noted that a light beam propagation direction must be essentially conformal to an X-ray beam propagation direction. In one embodiment, when a mirror is used, the light source can advantageously be positioned outside the geometric axis.
    [0029] In yet another embodiment of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, the indicator comprises a light source and an optical fiber arranged to dispense light from the light source for interception by the collimator.
    [0030] This embodiment has the advantage that the light source can be positioned outside the X-ray applicator in order not to compromise its overall size. For example, the light source can be arranged at the base of the X-ray unit, and optical fibers can run from the base into the X-ray applicator, to properly illuminate the collimator to obtain an image of light equivalent to that of the generated X-ray beam.
    [0031] In another embodiment of the mobile X-ray unit according to the invention, the indicator may comprise a plurality of optical fibers distributed in the X-ray applicator in an area above the collimator, to illuminate an aperture of collimator, to make the collimator aperture intercept the resulting light field. This embodiment can be advantageous to obtain a light field having substantial intensity.
    [0032] In yet another embodiment of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, the indicator comprises a light source emitting a narrow beam of light into the applicator, to delineate the longitudinal geometric axis of the beam X-ray Preferably, a miniature laser source is employed.
    [0033] In yet another embodiment of the X-ray unit according to the invention, a radiation detector is provided within the outer housing to detect the X-ray beam.
    [0034] It has been found to be advantageous to provide independent means to detect the presence of the generated X-ray beam. Preferably, the X-ray unit in accordance with the invention comprises a primary regulator which sets a time for the high voltage source to deliver a predetermined dose of radiation. The radiation sensor, accommodated within the outer housing of the X-ray applicator, may be part of a secondary regulator circuit adapted to shut down the high voltage source at the predetermined dose of radiation being dispensed. In this way, radiation safety control can be improved.
    [0035] Preferably, in one embodiment when the dosimetry system is operable to provide real-time radiation dose data, the signal from the dosimetry system can be used in addition to the embedded signal from the radiation detector. In particular, when the dosimetry system is arranged to enable verification of beam smoothing, a substantial deviation from the prescribed beam smoothing can be used as a control signal to shut down the system.
    [0036] In another embodiment of the X-ray unit, according to the invention, the X-ray unit comprises an output surface designed to be directed towards a patient, said surface being covered by an applicator cap .
    [0037] It has been found advantageous to provide such an applicator cap, as it can have several functions. First, the applicator cap can be used to protect an X-ray applicator exit window from contamination. Second, the cap thickness in a beam propagation direction can be selected to be sufficient to substantially eliminate electron contamination from the X-ray beam. Those skilled in the art will readily observe the relationship between the energy of secondary electrons emanating from the X-ray tube and a required thickness of a given material, eg, plastic, glass, ceramic, sufficient to fully intercept these electrons. Preferably, the applicator cap is disposable.
    [0038] It will be noted that the indicator, arranged to delineate the X-ray beam, can be arranged with sufficient intensity to provide a resultant field image through the applicator cap. Lasers have been found to be particularly suitable for this purpose. However, LEDs can be used as well. Alternatively, an arrangement of one or more light sources generating a narrow beam outside the X-ray applicator may be advantageous, as one or more sources may be arranged on respective support arms so that the respective narrow beams of light not intercepted by the applicator cap.
    [0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling the dosimetry of an X-ray beam emanating from a mobile X-ray unit comprising a base to accommodate a control unit, a source feeding tube, and a cooler, and further comprising a hinged displaceable arm supporting an X-ray applicator having an X-ray tube for generating an X-ray beam, the method comprising: - measuring a parameter associated with the X-ray beam. X-ray, employing an embedded real-time dosimetry system.
    [0040] In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, an indicator is provided at or near the X-ray applicator, to visually delineate at least a part of the X-ray beam to position the dosimetry system . Preferably, the indicator comprises light sources arranged to generate a light field designed to be intercepted by an aperture of the collimator to provide visualization of the X-ray beam. Alternatively the indicator may comprise a light source arranged to delineate a longitudinal geometric axis of the X-ray beam.
    [0041] These and other aspects of the invention will be discussed with reference to the drawings, in which like numerals or like reference signs refer to like elements. It will be noted that the drawings are presented for illustrative purposes only and may not be used to limit the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0042] Figure 1a shows, in schematic mode, an embodiment of a mobile X-ray unit according to the invention.
    [0043] Figure 1b shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of a movable panel of the mobile X-ray unit.
    [0044] Figure 1c shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of the displacement functionality of the application of the X-ray unit according to the invention.
    [0045] Figure 2 shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of the mobile X-ray unit architecture according to the invention.
    [0046] Figure 3 shows, in a schematic way, a dosimetry system of the X-ray unit, according to the invention.
    [0047] Figure 4a shows, in a schematic way, a first embodiment of a cross section of an X-ray applicator of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, representing a first embodiment of the indicator.
    [0048] Figure 4b shows, in schematic mode, a second embodiment of a cross section of an X-ray applicator of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, representing a second embodiment of the indicator.
    [0049] Figure 4c shows, in schematic mode, a third embodiment of a cross section of an X-ray applicator of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention, representing a third embodiment of the indicator.
    [0050] Figure 5 shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of the X-ray applicator of Figure 3 provided with an applicator cap.
    [0051] Figure 6 shows, in schematic mode, another embodiment of the X-ray tube of the mobile X-ray unit, according to another aspect of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0052] Figure 1a shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of a mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention. The mobile X-ray unit 10 comprises a base 2, comprising at least a power supply unit, a cooling system and a control unit, for controlling an operation of the X-ray applicator 4, comprising a ray tube -X accommodated in an external accommodation. The X-ray applicator 4 is connected to the base employing flexible cables 3, which can be at least partially received in a displaceable panel 5. The applicator 4 is supported by an articulated displaceable arm 4a, which may comprise a pivot for changing the angulation of applicator 4 in space. The articulated arm 4 comprises a longitudinal axis and an output window 8, through which the generated X-ray beam is emitted. The articulated arm 4a can also be mechanically connected with the displaceable panel 5, to make it possible to change a vertical position of the applicator 4. Preferably, the displaceable panel 5 is provided with a handle 6 enabling its easy manipulation. The displaceable panel 5 can be guided along suitable rails to enable its displacement substantially homogeneous and free from shocks.
    [0053] Preferably, the X-ray applicator accommodating the X-ray tube has coaxial geometry, wherein the 8a X-ray beam, designed to radiate a target region on a surface P' of a person P, propagates. if the exit window 8, having a beam axis 8b substantially corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. This can be made possible by arranging an anode of the X-ray applicator so that a longitudinal axis of the anode is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the X-ray applicator.
    [0054] According to one aspect of the invention, a dosimetry system 9 is provided to provide data in at least a part of the X-ray field 8a at or near the surface P' of the patient P. Preferably, for the system of dosimetry, a system capable of generating data in real time is selected. Ionization chambers and solid state detectors, eg semiconductor detectors, are suitable for this purpose. Preferably, the signal from the dosimetry unit is dispensed within the control unit 21 of the X-ray apparatus to control and/or interrupt the dose source in real time.
    [0055] Preferably, to position the X-ray applicator 4 and the dosimetry system 9 with respect to the target region on the surface P', the applicator is provided with an indicator arranged to visually delineate the X-ray field being generated by the X-ray tube inside the applicator 4. Preferably, the indicator comprises a light source such as a light emitting diode, a laser or the like.
    [0056] The light source can be arranged inside the X-ray applicator 4, or around the X-ray applicator, or it can be remotely positioned, for example, on the base 2. In the latter case, the light source light (not shown) can be conducted to the X-ray applicator using one or more suitable optical fibers. More details of the indicator will be presented with reference to Figures 4a-4c.
    [0057] Preferably, the X-ray unit 10 includes a base 2 supporting a displaceable panel 5 and housing a display 7 to feed back appropriate user information. The display 7 can be arranged as a touch-sensitive screen to enable proper data entry into the system. For example, the display panel may comprise means for turning on the light indicator. Optionally, the light indicator can always be on when the X-ray unit is turned on. The user interface can further be used to input prescribed dose and possibly prescribed dose distribution, especially when dose modifiers are used to introduce a gradient into the dose profile through the X-ray field. The user interface can also be arranged to display data on the actual dose source and dose distribution profile during treatment. It will be noted that, using the dosimetry system, the dose dispensing protocol can be compared with real-time real-time dose-dispensing data and, if necessary, the real-time dose source can be corrected in real-time and/or during other subsequent sections that would have a discrepancy in the prescribed and dispensed dose of more than 1% occurrence.
    [0058] Figure 1b shows, in schematic mode, an embodiment of a displaceable panel 5 of the mobile X-ray unit. In this enlarged view 10a, specific elements of the displaceable panel 5 are represented. Therefore, a cable 6 can be implemented as a mechanical item for pulling or pushing the panel 5. Alternatively, the cable 6 can be arranged as an electric driver to drive motors ( not shown) to move panel 5. For example, when cable 6 is pulled, the motors can be activated, causing panel 5 to move in direction A. Pushing cable 6 can cause panel 5 to lower in direction B. Preferably, the mobile X-ray unit comprises means for limiting a travel distance of the panel 5. This can be advantageous to ensure mechanical stability of the system on the one hand (upper level limitation), and can be beneficial to avoid cable malfunction (lower level limitation). Preferably, panel 5 is movable, employing recessed rails, the length of which can be chosen to limit the displacement range of panel 5 in a desirable way.
    [0059] Display 7 can function as a suitable user interface 7a. For example, patient data, such as a patient photo and/or a photo of a lesion, can be provided in window 7b, whereby relevant patient information such as birthday, gender, prescription of dose, and dose dispensing protocol, and so on, can be displayed in window 7c. Buttons 7d can be provided with touch functionality to enable input data. Alternatively or additionally, suitable hardware keys or buttons can be provided as well.
    [0060] Figure 1c shows, in schematic mode, an embodiment of displacement functionality of the X-ray unit application according to the invention. According to one aspect of the invention, the mechanical components of the mobile X-ray unit are developed and realized to support a wide range of translational and rotational movements for the X-ray applicator 4.
    [0061] In view 11, a schematic embodiment is presented, in which the X-ray applicator is in its parked position. It will be noted that cabling and optical fibers are not shown for clarity. Such a position may be suitable for transporting the mobile X-ray unit to a shelter and/or for maneuvering the X-ray unit around the patient. In order to retract the X-ray applicator as close as possible to the base 2, the articulated arm 4a can be curved under the outer part 5 of the movable panel 5. To ensure stability of the mobile X-ray unit during its maneuvering, a load block 2a close to a floor is provided to lower an absolute position of the center of gravity of the total construction.
    [0062] View 12 presents, in a schematic way, another possibility, in which the X-ray applicator 4 is in one of its working positions, having an X-ray exit surface 8 being oriented towards a patient P. In order to properly position the X-ray applicator with respect to patient P, the displaceable panel can be moved to a certain residence position located between the lowest position and the highest position of panel 5. The hinged arm 4a can be used to properly rotate the X-ray applicator around a geometric axis of rotation. Preferably, a geometric axis of rotation is selected to coincide with a direction of emanation of the X-ray beam from the exit surface when the X-ray tube is vertically oriented.
    [0063] View 13 presents, in a schematic mode, another possibility, in which the X-ray applicator 4 is to be used in a lowered position. To this end, the displaceable panel 5 can summarize its lowest support and the arm 4a can be used to orient the X-ray applicator in a desirable way.
    [0064] Figure 2 shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of the architecture of the mobile X-ray unit, according to the invention. The mobile X-ray unit according to the invention comprises a high voltage power supply, preferably adapted to generate 50-75 kV of X-ray in a suitable X-ray tube, a cooling system, to cool the X-ray tube during use, and a control system, to control electronic and electrical parameters of the X-ray unit sub-units during use. View 20 schematically represents main units of the control system 21 and the X-ray applicator 22.
    [0065] The control system 21 preferably comprises a hard-wired user interface 21a, to enable switching on and off of the high voltage source 21b. Preferably, the high voltage source 21b comprises a high voltage generator 21c with improved rise and fall characteristics. Preferably, the rise time is on the order of 100 ms. Hardwired interface 21a may also be arranged to automatically turn on cooling system 21d on an event when the high voltage generator is turned on. Furthermore, the control system 21 may comprise a primary controller 21e arranged to control the dose source of the X-ray applicator in use. Such a primary controller 21e can be provided with a primary counter, adapted to record the time elapsed after the X-ray radiation is initiated. The primary counter can then automatically switch off the high voltage source to the X-ray tube, in the event that a predetermined dose is reached. It will be appreciated that the predetermined dose is at least dependent on the energy of the X-rays generated and the dose rate, where such dependence can be calibrated in advance. The corresponding calibrated data provided becomes available to obtain proper primary dose dispensing control from the primary controller. Preferably, a secondary controller 21f is provided to enable an independent dose dispensing control circuit. The secondary controller can be connected to a dose meter accommodated inside the X-ray applicator, in the X-ray field, before the collimator. Therefore, the dose meter can provide real-time data from the real dose source, taking into account the dose variation during rise and fall of the high voltage source. Still preferably, the control system may further comprise a safety controller 21g, adapted to compare readings from the primary controller 21e and the secondary controller 21g to trigger the shutdown of the high voltage generator 21c where a desired dose is dispensed. Additionally or alternatively, the 21g safety controller can be wired with protective emergency stop, door lock and a generator interlock.
    [0066] The control system may further comprise a 21h dosimetry control, adapted to communicate with a dosimetry system, preferably online. However, it is also possible that the 21h dosimetry control could accept data from a scanned dosimetric field and updated dose source data using such post-processing.
    [0067] The 21h dosimetry control is preferably arranged to provide an interruption signal if the real-time dosimeter measures a substantial deviation between the prescribed dose and the measured dose. For example, the dosimetry control 21h can provide a interrupt signal suitable for the high voltage generator control 21c.
    [0068] The control system may further comprise an indicator controller 21i, for controlling the light source to delineate at least a part of the X-ray beam. Although for simplicity the indicator controller 21i can be connected to a power supply unit 21b to turn on the light source, once the system is turned on, it is preferable that the light source be turned on on demand. Therefore, the indicator control can be arranged to provide electrical power to the light source when actuated by the user. The user can provide a suitable trigger signal via a user interface or, for example, use a dedicated hardware key.
    [0069] The X-ray applicator 22 may preferably comprise the following aspects: an X-ray tube 22a, designed to be housed in an external housing (shield) 22k. According to the invention, the X-ray tube is provided having coplanar target, collimator, and output window geometry causing the generated X-ray beam to propagate substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. . Preferably, a target-collimator distance is about 4 - 10 cm, preferably about 5 to 6 cm. The X-ray applicator may further comprise a beam hardening filter 22b, selected to intercept low energy radiation, and a beam smoothing filter 22c, designed to intercept parts of the X-ray radiation, to generate a profile of substantially flat beam near the exit surface of the X-ray applicator. In addition, X-ray applicator 22 may comprise one or more collimators arranged to define the geometry of the treatment beam. Preferably, an array of collimators is used, having diameters of, for example, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 cm. It will be noted that, although circular collimators are discussed, collimators of any shape, such as square, elliptical, or custom-made collimators, are possible. It has been found to be advantageous to provide the X-ray applicator 22 with an automatic collimator detection means 22f, adapted to automatically signal that the collimator is being used. Preferably, resistive reading is used, wherein each collimator is provided with at least one coupling of bridging projections in a resistive path provided in a collimator receptacle. The resulting electrical resistance from the receptacle is a representative signal of a collimator being used. The X-ray applicator 22 further preferably comprises a built-in temperature sensor, adapted to signal the temperature of the X-ray tube and/or the outer housing (shield). The temperature sensor signal is received by the control system that performs its analysis. If the measured temperature is raised beyond a permissible level, an alarm signal can be generated. Optionally, an interruption signal for the high voltage generator can be provided. The X-ray applicator 22 further comprises a radiation sensor 22h, disposed within the outer housing 22k, to detect the X-ray radiation that is actually being delivered by the X-ray tube. Preferably, for safety reasons, the X-ray applicator 22 further comprises a non-volatile data store 22i arranged to record operational parameters of at least the X-ray tube. Furthermore, to enhance radiation safety, the X-ray applicator 22 may be provided with a radiation indicator 22j arranged to provide a visual and/or an audio output to the user and/or patient as to the on/off condition. of the X-ray tube. It will be appreciated that the radiation indicator 22j may comprise a plurality of distributed signaling means. Preferably, at least one signaling means, for example a light emitting diode (LED), is associated with the X-ray applicator 22. More preferably, the signaling means is provided in the X-ray applicator 22.
    [0070] Figure 3 shows, in a schematic way, a dosimetry system of the X-ray unit, according to the invention. The X-ray applicator 4 discussed with reference to the foregoing comprises an X-ray tube arranged with an anode 1 having a target region 1a for generating a divergent X-ray beam 8a. The target region 1a is a substantially flat plate that extends substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of anode 1. Although preferably anode 1 is oriented coaxially with the axis 8b of the X-ray beam (and the X-ray tube) , other respective orientations are possible. The generated X-ray beam is emitted by the X-ray applicator from an 8’ output surface. It will be noted that suitable filters, a collimator, and an X-ray tube exit window are not represented for clarity. Therefore, the 8’ exit surface does not necessarily correspond to the exit window of the X-ray tube.
    [0071] Preferably, an indicator is used to position the X-ray applicator 4 with respect to a target region of the patient. The indicator may comprise two light sources 15a, 15b arranged to generate a narrow beam of light, said light sources being fixed on respective support arms 16a, 16b and by their means to the outer surface of the X-ray applicator 4. Preferably , the light sources are arranged to provide a point in space C corresponding to the geometric axis of the beam 8b. The dosimetry system 18 can then be centered with respect to point C to intercept the X-ray beam.
    [0072] The X-ray unit according to the invention can be provided with a plurality of dosimetric devices of different sizes. A suitable dosimetric device can be selected based on the actual beam size. Preferably, dosimetric device 18 extends further than the X-ray field to measure an absolute dimension of the dispensed X-ray field.
    [0073] Preferably, the dosimetry system 18 comprises a formation of independent measurement volumes. It will be noted that, for this purpose, a film can be used, or a set of TLD devices, or a semiconductor dosimeter-type formation. As a result, dose distribution across the X-ray field can be established for verification and/or intrafraction correction. Preferably, the dosimetric device provides real-time reading, which can be provided using suitable cabling 19 to the 21h dosimetry control unit, as discussed with reference to Figure 2.
    [0074] Although an embodiment of the dosimetric system is discussed with reference to the X-ray applicator provided with the field delineation means, it will be noted that the invention can be practiced when no indicator delineating the X-ray field is provided .
    [0075] Figure 4a shows, in schematic mode, a first embodiment of a cross section of an X-ray applicator of the mobile X-ray unit representing a first embodiment of the indicator. The X-ray applicator 30 comprises an outer housing 36 accommodating the X-ray tube unit 35 provided with outer shield 35a.
    [0076] According to one aspect of the invention, the X-ray applicator 30 further comprises a light source 48a cooperating with a mirror 48 to emit a beam of light indicative of an X-ray beam produced by the X-ray tube. X. Preferably, the X-rays have a propagation axis 45a which coincides with a longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. The light source 48a and mirror 48 are arranged to cause the generated light beam to propagate substantially along the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube unit 45a.
    [0077] When the light beam thus formed is intercepted by the collimator 33, a visual indication of the X-ray beam is made possible, facilitating accurate alignment between the X-ray applicator and the patient's target area.
    [0078] Preferably, the distance between the target (anode) and the collimator 33 is in the range of 4...10 cm, preferably about 5 to 6 cm. Such a relatively short target-collimator distance is surprisingly adequate for generating an X-ray beam having a substantially narrow penumbra (1.5 - 1.8 mm for 20/80% lines) and good beam smoothing, due to a size relatively small focal point.
    [0079] The X-ray applicator 30 further comprises a filter 39, to harden the X-ray beam emanating from the target, a beam smoothing filter 40, to flatten a beam profile, and collimator 33 insertable into a receptacle of collimator 41.
    [0080] In order to prevent overheating of the X-ray tube in use, a cooling system 34 is provided, which can advantageously be arranged in the spacing between the X-ray tube 35 and the shield 35a in contact with the surface of the X-ray tube 35. A suitable refrigerant can be provided using a tube 31. Preferably, the refrigerant is circulating and may alternatively be water or a pressurized gas. The X-ray applicator 30 may further comprise a temperature sensor 37.
    [0081] The X-ray unit 30 may further comprise a suitable radiation detector 38, connected to a radiation indicator 43. Preferably, data collected by the radiation detector 38 is stored in a data storage unit 44. In order In order to protect an X-ray exit surface of the X-ray applicator 30 from intra-patient contamination, an applicator cap 42 may be provided to cover at least the exit window of the X-ray applicator 30. Preferably, applicator cap is thick enough to fully trap secondary electrons emanating from the X-ray applicator. Preferably, the applicator cap is manufactured from PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) and is about 0.4 - 0.7 mm, preferably 0.6 mm thick through the window portion, having a density of about 1, 75 - 1.8, preferably 1.78. Alternatively, the applicator cap may be 0.3 - 0.6 mm, preferably 0.5 mm thick through the window portion and having density of 1.30 - 1.45, preferably 1.39, being manufactured from PPSU (Polyphenylsulfone). These materials have been found to be particularly suitable as they are stable under the influence of X-rays and are suitable for different types of sterilization procedures, such as chemical sterilization, or sterilization at high temperatures.
    [0082] Figure 4b shows, in schematic mode, a second embodiment of a cross section of an X-ray applicator of the mobile X-ray unit representing a second embodiment of the indicator. In this exemplary embodiment, an optical fiber 47a is provided in collimator receptacle 41, above collimator 33. Optical fiber 47a is arranged to generate a light field being substantially centered around collimator aperture 33, to simulate a beam X-ray emitted through the collimator. To this end, optical fiber 47a is arranged to emit a substantially narrow beam having representative divergence with expected divergence of the X-ray beam.
    [0083] Alternatively, it is possible to use optical fiber 47a to visualize a central geometric axis 45a of the X-ray beam. In this case, the optical fiber is advantageously arranged to emit a narrow beam of light producing a miniature light spot on a patient's surface. Preferably, a spotlight dimension is less than 5 mm2, more preferably, a spotlight dimension is about 1 mm2. A suitable light emitting diode or laser can be used to generate light emanating from fiber 47a. Preferably, the light emitting diode and laser are disposed remotely with respect to the X-ray applicator 30. It will be appreciated that an alternative configuration may be used, in which one or more light sources cooperate with one or more optical fibers.
    [0084] Figure 4c shows, in schematic mode, a third embodiment of a cross section of an X-ray applicator of the mobile X-ray unit representing a third embodiment of the indicator. In this particular embodiment, the X-ray applicator, having a target 45 for generating an X-ray beam 45c having the longitudinal X-ray geometry axis 45a, is provided with an external indicator for displaying the longitudinal axis 45a at a predetermined distance D from the bottom surface 49 of the X-ray applicator. It will be noted that the bottom surface 49 may refer to the exit window, as discussed with reference to Figure 1c, or may refer to the applicator cap, as discussed with reference to Figure 5.
    [0085] The external indicator comprises one or more light sources 52a, 52b arranged on respective support arms 54a, 54b to generate respective narrow light beams 53a, 53b, said beam being directed to the geometric axis 45a and being adapted to intersect at a predetermined distance D from the lower surface 49 of the X-ray applicator 30. Preferably, the distance D is selected to be between 0.5 and 2 cm. Support arms 54a, 54b are arranged in such a way that light beams 53a, 53b do not intercept the X-ray applicator.
    [0086] When positioning the X-ray applicator with respect to patient P, the first should be maneuvered in such a way that the beams 53a, 53b intersect the patient's surface. However, if the treatment regimen allows for the use of a dose-build material, the beams 53a, 53b may traverse over a surface of the dose-build material. Preferably, the support arms 54a, 54b are adjustable to enable the indication of the central geometric axis 45a at different distances from the lower surface 49 of the X-ray applicator.
    [0087] In order to calibrate the adjustment of the support arms, a transparent calibration phantom can be used, in which the central axis and the depth are marked. It will be appreciated that although Figures 4a - 4c describe separate embodiments of the indicator, combinations of such embodiments are also considered. For example, the means to indicate the central geometric axis can be combined with means to indicate the complete field. Furthermore, internal and external indicators can be combined as well.
    [0088] Figure 5 shows, in a schematic way, an embodiment of the X-ray applicator of Figure 3, provided with an applicator cap. The applicator cap 42 must be manufactured from a material that is transparent to X-ray, such as glass, plastics, or ceramics. It is also possible, though not preferable, to manufacture the applicator cap from a metal. In the latter case, the applicator cap can be sterilized, however, it is preferable to use a disposable applicator cap. In view 50 of Figure 5, it is seen that the outer dimension of the X-ray applicator 51 may be larger than the outer dimension of the outlet portion covered by the applicator cap 42. Although such an embodiment is preferable to minimize the total weight of the X-ray applicator, it is possible that the outlet part has the same dimension as the body of the X-ray applicator 51. The applicator cap can be 0.5 - 2 cm thick, when manufactured from a weak Z material.
    [0089] Figure 6 shows, in schematic mode, another embodiment of the X-ray tube of the mobile X-ray unit, according to another aspect of the invention. The X-ray tube 100 has a body 102 enclosing one end of an end window 104 through which the X-rays pass. The extreme window is made of a thin sheet of beryllium metal. Covering the end window 104, to provide protection from window damage and protection from the toxic effects of the metal, is an applicator cap 106. The applicator cap 106 is preferably made of a plastic material.
    [0090] In the tube body 102, a target 108 is located between 4-10 cm from a collimator 130 and preferably 4-6 cm from collimator 130, see Figure 6, cross section F-F. The target is made of Tungsten metal, to provide the desired X-ray spectrum. The target's tungsten tip is attached to a large 110 anode unit, which also serves to drive away the heat created from the X-ray generation of the target. Most of the anode unit is made of copper. Cathode 112 is located slightly off the geometric axis, close to the far window. The electrons emitted by the cathode are accelerated through the interstice, by the potential difference between the cathode and anode, in this case fixed at about 70 kV, to the target, which they impact and cause the generation of X-rays in a known way. X-rays emitted from target 108 pass through a beam hardening filter 122, before passing through a collimator 130 and an output surface 124 on an applicator cap 106. The collimator 130 can be housed in a receptacle of suitable collimator 128.
    [0091] The anode unit 110 is fixed to the body 102 and electrically isolated from it. One of a number of known techniques and materials can be used to provide the desired level of insulation between the anode and body 102.
    [0092] As is also well known in the art, X-ray production generates large amounts of waste heat, with the result that it is necessary to cool the tube in order to keep it at a safe temperature. Various cooling mechanisms are known and used in the art. In this embodiment, the X-ray tube is cooled by means of chilled water forced around the anode region. The water enters back into the tube through conduits 116 and leaves through a second conduit 118. The water cooling circuit is a closed loop circuit, with the water leaving the tube unit to be cooled by a remote chiller (not shown) before returning to the tube. Alternatively, oil or another liquid could be used as the cooling medium. It is also known that a pressurized gas is used as an effective refrigerant in some applications.
    [0093] As is known in the art, X-rays are generated and emitted in all directions, but protection by the tube body 102 and other internal components will tend to reduce the amount of radiation emitted from the tube body to a minimum, with most of the radiation emitted by the extreme window. The thickness of protection provided by the body shall be such as to provide at least the minimum level of protection required for safe use by the operator.
    [0094] A high voltage cable unit 120 is connected to the anode unit 110. The high voltage cable unit is connected to the flexible cable means (not shown) which, in turn, is connected to a power supply of high voltage. A radiation detector 114 forming the dosimetry system, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, is placed outside the path of the X-ray beam emitted from the target 108 and passing through the end window 104. This detector may be any known form of radiation detector. In this embodiment, it is a known form of semiconductor, suitably hardened by radiation, connected to an amplifier. Radiation detector 114 detects when tube 102 is functioning and emitting X-ray energy. The detector output is connected to a control unit, the output signals can be used to provide an optical indication whether the tube is operating or not. Hereby, an X-ray detector is provided, which can be used to detect whether the tube is on or off.
    [0095] With another calibration of the radiation detector 114, it is possible to determine and calculate the dose of X-ray administered to the patient during treatment. By this means, it is possible to have a real-time dosimetry measurement system, in which the precise amount of radiation dose administered can be determined. Once the dose rate is known, a treatment plan can be modified during treatment. This is advantageous because it allows a very precise and carefully controlled dose of X-ray to be administered.
    [0096] In order to enable the tube 102 to be placed precisely above a tumor, a tumor illumination means is employed. The tumor illumination means comprises a plurality of lights 126 placed around the circumference of the tube, close to the end window. When in use, the lights shine on the patient's skin. Since the lights 126 are positioned around the circumference of the tube body 102, a short distance from the end of the tube, it creates a circle of light with a sharp cut to the inside of the circle. In this way, the position of the lights on the tube body 102 creates a shadow. This shadow circle is used to indicate the region that will undergo irradiation when the X-ray tube is turned on. It should be noted that the area within the circle will not be completely dark; ambient light will be able to enter the shadow region.
    [0097] Preferably, lights 126 are white LEDs, which may be bright enough to clearly illuminate the target region, but generate no amount of heat and have very long lives. Lack of heat generation is important because the lights are in close proximity to the patient's skin and thus it is important to minimize the risk of burning or other damage to the skin. Other colors of LEDs could be used. Alternatively, other light sources could be used, such as known incandescent lamps or even a remote light source connected to the ring by fiber optic cables.
    [0098] Although specific embodiments have been described above, it will be appreciated that the invention may be practiced other than as described. The above descriptions are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Thus, it will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the invention, as described above, without departing from the scope of the claims provided below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Mobile X-ray unit characterized in that it comprises a base to accommodate a control unit and a power supply, further comprising a hinged displaceable arm supporting an X-ray applicator having an X-ray tube comprising a target anode and a cathode and including a body having an exit window at one end thereof for emitting an x-ray beam from the target anode through the exit window to radiate an object, the x-ray unit comprising further a built-in dosimetry system, adapted to perform real-time dosimetry, in which the dosimetry system is provided within the X-ray tube outside the path of the X-ray beam emitted by the target anode and passing through the output window.
    [0002]
    2. Mobile X-ray unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dosimetry system is adapted to be located between an exit window and an object being irradiated.
    [0003]
    3. Mobile X-ray unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dosimetry system is provided with means for displaying digital data.
    [0004]
    4. Mobile X-ray unit, according to claim 3, characterized in that the dosimetry system is arranged to provide a signal to the control unit.
    [0005]
    5. Mobile X-ray unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dosimetry system is arranged to enable the verification of at least one position and the geometry of an X-ray field generated.
    [0006]
    6. Mobile X-ray unit, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the dosimetry system is calibrated to enable absolute dosimetry of a deposited X-ray dose.
    [0007]
    7. Mobile X-ray unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the X-ray unit further comprises an indicator to provide a visual indication of at least a part of the X-ray beam. X issued through the output window.
    [0008]
    8. Mobile X-ray unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the indicator comprises a light source.
    [0009]
    9. Mobile X-ray unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the light source is a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser.
    [0010]
    10. Mobile X-ray unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dosimetry system is arranged to generate an additional control signal in the generation of the X-ray beam.
    [0011]
    11. Mobile X-ray unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the dosimetry is calibrated to correct a parameter selected from a group consisting of: X-ray tube temperature, age of the X-ray tube X, X-ray tube angulation, X-ray beam energy.
    [0012]
    12. Mobile X-ray unit according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the dosimetry system is adapted to dispense information on the radiation dose distribution in and/or near the target area.
    [0013]
    13. Method for controlling the dosimetry of an X-ray beam emanating from a mobile X-ray unit comprising a base to accommodate a control unit, a power supply and further comprising an articulated displaceable arm supporting a ray applicator -X having an X-ray tube comprising a target anode and a cathode and including a body having an exit window at one end thereof to generate an X-ray beam emitted from the target anode, said method characterized by the fact which comprises: - measuring a radiation-related parameter associated with the X-ray beam, employing a built-in dosimetry system, which is provided outside the path of the X-ray beam emitted by the target anode and passing through the output window .
    [0014]
    14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that it further comprises the step of using an indicator to visually delineate at least a part of the X-ray beam with respect to an object.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112013015844B1|2021-04-20|mobile x-ray unit, and method for controlling the dosimetry of an x-ray beam emanating from a mobile x-ray unit.
    EP2654891B1|2020-11-18|A mobile x-ray unit and method
    CN202715136U|2013-02-06|Mobile X-ray unit
    US9259596B2|2016-02-16|Mobile X-ray unit
    US9561009B2|2017-02-07|Mobile X-ray unit
    US9724066B2|2017-08-08|Mobile X-ray unit
    US8520801B2|2013-08-27|Mobile X-ray unit
    TWI555552B|2016-11-01|A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control
    TWI558433B|2016-11-21|A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control
    TWI555512B|2016-11-01|A mobile x-ray unit
    TW201350163A|2013-12-16|A mobile X-ray unit
    TW201350162A|2013-12-16|A mobile X-ray unit
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2005901C2|2012-06-25|
    RU2626888C2|2017-08-02|
    EP2654890B1|2018-04-18|
    US20150165237A1|2015-06-18|
    BR112013015844A2|2018-06-26|
    WO2012087132A1|2012-06-28|
    US20120163539A1|2012-06-28|
    US8995616B2|2015-03-31|
    EP2654890A1|2013-10-30|
    CN202751702U|2013-02-27|
    US9393446B2|2016-07-19|
    RU2013133661A|2015-01-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5031203A|1990-02-09|1991-07-09|Trecha Randal R|Coaxial laser targeting device for use with x-ray equipment and surgical drill equipment during surgical procedures|
    JP4212128B2|1997-07-02|2009-01-21|株式会社東芝|Radiation therapy equipment|
    DE19730519A1|1997-07-16|1999-01-28|Siemens Ag|X=ray tube with improved radiation protection e.g. for use in medical examination|
    US6108399A|1998-01-15|2000-08-22|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.|System and method for dose monitoring in an intensity modulated radiation treatment system|
    US6087666A|1998-02-18|2000-07-11|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy|Optically stimulated luminescent fiber optic radiation dosimeter|
    US6267502B1|1998-04-10|2001-07-31|Minrad Inc.|Alignment verification device and method of using the same with a visual light beam and an x-ray|
    US6302581B1|2000-02-11|2001-10-16|Photoelectron Corporation|Support system for a radiation treatment apparatus|
    US6320935B1|2000-02-28|2001-11-20|X-Technologies, Ltd.|Dosimeter for a miniature energy transducer for emitting X-ray radiation|
    US6702459B2|2001-04-11|2004-03-09|The Uab Research Foundation|Mobile radiography system and process|
    EP2305350A1|2001-08-24|2011-04-06|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.|Radiation treatment apparatus|
    US7578780B2|2003-06-18|2009-08-25|Xoft, Inc.|Brachytherapy applicator for delivery and assessment of low-level ionizing radiation therapy and methods of use|
    DE102004009897B4|2004-02-26|2006-12-07|Siemens Ag|Depth stop for a Röngtendiagnostikgerät|
    US7263170B2|2005-09-30|2007-08-28|Pellegrino Anthony J|Radiation therapy system featuring rotatable filter assembly|
    US7372940B2|2005-09-30|2008-05-13|Topel, Llc|Radiation therapy system with risk mitigation|
    RU52321U1|2005-10-31|2006-03-27|Закрытое акционерное общество "ДАТА-ЦЕНТР Икс-Рэй"|UNIVERSAL MOBILE X-RAY UNIT|
    EP1960052A4|2005-12-02|2010-11-03|Xoft Inc|Treatment of lesions or imperfections in mammalian skin or near-skin tissues or in or near other anatomic surfaces|
    EP2005992A1|2007-06-19|2008-12-24|Nucletron B.V.|Miniature X-ray source device for effecting radiation therapy as well as a method for performing radiation therapy treatment on an anatomical portion of an animal body using a miniature X-ray source device|
    CA2737938C|2007-09-19|2016-09-13|Walter A. Roberts|Direct visualization robotic intra-operative radiation therapy applicator device|
    WO2009097323A2|2008-01-28|2009-08-06|Reflective X-Ray Optics Llc|Optical alignment system and alignment method for radiographic x-ray imaging|
    NL2005901C2|2010-12-22|2012-06-25|Nucletron Bv|A mobile x-ray unit.|
    NL2005899C2|2010-12-22|2012-06-25|Nucletron Bv|A mobile x-ray unit.|NL2005901C2|2010-12-22|2012-06-25|Nucletron Bv|A mobile x-ray unit.|
    NL2005904C2|2010-12-22|2012-06-25|Nucletron Bv|A mobile x-ray unit.|
    EP2765408B1|2011-10-04|2018-07-25|Nikon Corporation|X-ray device, x-ray irradiation method, and manufacturing method for structure|
    CN104159521B|2012-01-12|2017-11-03|胜赛斯医疗有限责任公司|Mix the superficial radiotherapy system of ultrasonic guidance|
    JP6214186B2|2013-03-29|2017-10-18|キヤノン株式会社|Radiation generating apparatus and radiation imaging apparatus|
    US20150290473A1|2014-04-11|2015-10-15|Elekta Ab |Radiotherapy system|
    WO2016032275A1|2014-08-28|2016-03-03|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.|Medical imaging apparatus and method of operating same|
    RU2602433C2|2015-03-25|2016-11-20|Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "КДП" |X-ray source with optical indication|
    WO2017109981A1|2015-12-25|2017-06-29|株式会社ニコン|Charged particle device, structure manufacturing method, and structure manufacturing system|
    US10646726B2|2016-07-13|2020-05-12|Sensus Healthcare, Inc.|Robotic intraoperative radiation therapy|
    US10561860B2|2016-11-23|2020-02-18|Jennifer Hertzoff|Imaging beam positioning apparatus and method of use thereof|
    US10607802B2|2017-03-31|2020-03-31|Sensus Healthcare, Inc.|Three-dimensional beam forming X-ray source|
    KR20200072463A|2017-07-18|2020-06-22|센서스 헬스케어 인코포레이티드|Real-time X-ray dose measurement in radiation therapy during surgery|
    RU2764190C2|2017-08-29|2022-01-14|Сенсус Хелскеа, Инк.|Robotic x-ray system for intraoperative radiotherapy with calibration cell|
    US10974396B2|2018-06-22|2021-04-13|Southwest Research Institute|Robotic system for surface treatment of vehicles|
    US10940334B2|2018-10-19|2021-03-09|Sensus Healthcare, Inc.|Systems and methods for real time beam sculpting intra-operative-radiation-therapy treatment planning|
    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-20| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 21/12/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2005901|2010-12-22|
    NL2005901A|NL2005901C2|2010-12-22|2010-12-22|A mobile x-ray unit.|
    US201061426917P| true| 2010-12-23|2010-12-23|
    US61/426917|2010-12-23|
    PCT/NL2011/050879|WO2012087132A1|2010-12-22|2011-12-21|A mobile x-ray unit|
    [返回顶部]